Graphene reinforced copper electrodes for high productivity resistance spot welding (GRACE)
| Reference number | |
| Coordinator | RISE Research Institutes of Sweden AB |
| Funding from Vinnova | SEK 1 050 000 |
| Project duration | November 2024 - June 2026 |
| Status | Completed |
| Venture | Strategic innovation program SIO Grafen |
| Call | Demonstrator projects for commercial applications with 2D-materials - 2024 |
Important results from the project
The technical goal of increased electrode hardness and lifespan was not met. Graphene-reinforced pure copper was softer than the CuCrZr reference, which is hardened by heat treatment, and deformed plastically during welding, as 3D scanning before and after clearly showed. Electrical resistance was measured, but differences could not be statistically verified. Extensive characterisation was carried out at RISE and Swerim. Graphmatech and Luvata began collaboration talks on other applications.
Expected long term effects
The project provided key insights into the challenges of powder metallurgical manufacturing of copper-graphene composites, particularly regarding bonding and hardness. A natural next step is to combine graphene reinforcement with established methods such as alloying and heat treatment. The material characterisation is valuable for other applications of similar materials. New industrial networks have been created and are expected to lead to product development and commercial collaboration.
Approach and implementation
The project encompassed the entire value chain. Nine variants of graphene-reinforced powder were produced and formed into electrodes. Initial delays occurred with powder deliveries, and the plan was adjusted to include Luvata for cold forming. Producing test bars in the right dimension required several unplanned steps, including forging and extrusion. Despite this, extensive characterisation at RISE and Swerim and welding trials at Scania, Swerim and ABB were done. Collaboration worked well.